1 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:16,870 imagine flying aboard the space shuttle 2 00:00:16,870 --> 00:00:16,880 imagine flying aboard the space shuttle 3 00:00:16,880 --> 00:00:19,029 imagine flying aboard the space shuttle the main engines fire then with a 4 00:00:19,029 --> 00:00:19,039 the main engines fire then with a 5 00:00:19,039 --> 00:00:21,349 the main engines fire then with a powerful jolt the solid rocket motors 6 00:00:21,349 --> 00:00:21,359 powerful jolt the solid rocket motors 7 00:00:21,359 --> 00:00:24,230 powerful jolt the solid rocket motors ignite 8 00:00:24,230 --> 00:00:24,240 9 00:00:24,240 --> 00:00:26,310 the acceleration and intense pull of 10 00:00:26,310 --> 00:00:26,320 the acceleration and intense pull of 11 00:00:26,320 --> 00:00:29,189 the acceleration and intense pull of gravity during ascent is tremendous 12 00:00:29,189 --> 00:00:29,199 gravity during ascent is tremendous 13 00:00:29,199 --> 00:00:31,349 gravity during ascent is tremendous but when the main engines cut off and 14 00:00:31,349 --> 00:00:31,359 but when the main engines cut off and 15 00:00:31,359 --> 00:00:33,670 but when the main engines cut off and the shuttle reaches low earth orbit the 16 00:00:33,670 --> 00:00:33,680 the shuttle reaches low earth orbit the 17 00:00:33,680 --> 00:00:36,709 the shuttle reaches low earth orbit the crew enters a totally new environment 18 00:00:36,709 --> 00:00:36,719 crew enters a totally new environment 19 00:00:36,719 --> 00:00:40,310 crew enters a totally new environment everything floats there is no up or down 20 00:00:40,310 --> 00:00:40,320 everything floats there is no up or down 21 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:42,790 everything floats there is no up or down and for 70 percent of first-time space 22 00:00:42,790 --> 00:00:42,800 and for 70 percent of first-time space 23 00:00:42,800 --> 00:00:44,950 and for 70 percent of first-time space fares the initial couple of days in 24 00:00:44,950 --> 00:00:44,960 fares the initial couple of days in 25 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:47,590 fares the initial couple of days in orbit means they will feel ill 26 00:00:47,590 --> 00:00:47,600 orbit means they will feel ill 27 00:00:47,600 --> 00:00:49,830 orbit means they will feel ill microgravity disturbs the workings of 28 00:00:49,830 --> 00:00:49,840 microgravity disturbs the workings of 29 00:00:49,840 --> 00:00:52,549 microgravity disturbs the workings of the inner ear much the way car or air 30 00:00:52,549 --> 00:00:52,559 the inner ear much the way car or air 31 00:00:52,559 --> 00:00:55,830 the inner ear much the way car or air travel can affect people on earth 32 00:00:55,830 --> 00:00:55,840 travel can affect people on earth 33 00:00:55,840 --> 00:00:58,229 travel can affect people on earth responding to this need scientists have 34 00:00:58,229 --> 00:00:58,239 responding to this need scientists have 35 00:00:58,239 --> 00:01:00,630 responding to this need scientists have been developing a pre-flight adaptation 36 00:01:00,630 --> 00:01:00,640 been developing a pre-flight adaptation 37 00:01:00,640 --> 00:01:03,270 been developing a pre-flight adaptation trainer for astronauts to use before 38 00:01:03,270 --> 00:01:03,280 trainer for astronauts to use before 39 00:01:03,280 --> 00:01:04,469 trainer for astronauts to use before they fly 40 00:01:04,469 --> 00:01:04,479 they fly 41 00:01:04,479 --> 00:01:06,950 they fly the neurosciences laboratory at nasa's 42 00:01:06,950 --> 00:01:06,960 the neurosciences laboratory at nasa's 43 00:01:06,960 --> 00:01:09,270 the neurosciences laboratory at nasa's johnson space center is responsible for 44 00:01:09,270 --> 00:01:09,280 johnson space center is responsible for 45 00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:11,510 johnson space center is responsible for studying the human body's condition in 46 00:01:11,510 --> 00:01:11,520 studying the human body's condition in 47 00:01:11,520 --> 00:01:16,070 studying the human body's condition in space 48 00:01:16,070 --> 00:01:16,080 49 00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:18,710 understanding gait posture and other 50 00:01:18,710 --> 00:01:18,720 understanding gait posture and other 51 00:01:18,720 --> 00:01:21,270 understanding gait posture and other adaptable functions help scientists stay 52 00:01:21,270 --> 00:01:21,280 adaptable functions help scientists stay 53 00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:24,950 adaptable functions help scientists stay in touch with human space travel needs 54 00:01:24,950 --> 00:01:24,960 in touch with human space travel needs 55 00:01:24,960 --> 00:01:27,270 in touch with human space travel needs shuttle missions typically last up to 10 56 00:01:27,270 --> 00:01:27,280 shuttle missions typically last up to 10 57 00:01:27,280 --> 00:01:30,149 shuttle missions typically last up to 10 days but future space station visits and 58 00:01:30,149 --> 00:01:30,159 days but future space station visits and 59 00:01:30,159 --> 00:01:32,870 days but future space station visits and long-range lunar or martian outposts 60 00:01:32,870 --> 00:01:32,880 long-range lunar or martian outposts 61 00:01:32,880 --> 00:01:35,270 long-range lunar or martian outposts will mean months or maybe years of space 62 00:01:35,270 --> 00:01:35,280 will mean months or maybe years of space 63 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:36,149 will mean months or maybe years of space living 64 00:01:36,149 --> 00:01:36,159 living 65 00:01:36,159 --> 00:01:38,630 living neuroscientist dr deborah harm what 66 00:01:38,630 --> 00:01:38,640 neuroscientist dr deborah harm what 67 00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:41,590 neuroscientist dr deborah harm what we're trying to do here is to develop 68 00:01:41,590 --> 00:01:41,600 we're trying to do here is to develop 69 00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:44,469 we're trying to do here is to develop equipment and hardware and software that 70 00:01:44,469 --> 00:01:44,479 equipment and hardware and software that 71 00:01:44,479 --> 00:01:46,710 equipment and hardware and software that will allow us to present 72 00:01:46,710 --> 00:01:46,720 will allow us to present 73 00:01:46,720 --> 00:01:49,510 will allow us to present potential space travelers with a set of 74 00:01:49,510 --> 00:01:49,520 potential space travelers with a set of 75 00:01:49,520 --> 00:01:52,310 potential space travelers with a set of sensory conditions as similar to what 76 00:01:52,310 --> 00:01:52,320 sensory conditions as similar to what 77 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:54,630 sensory conditions as similar to what they will experience in flight as we can 78 00:01:54,630 --> 00:01:54,640 they will experience in flight as we can 79 00:01:54,640 --> 00:01:55,590 they will experience in flight as we can get them 80 00:01:55,590 --> 00:01:55,600 get them 81 00:01:55,600 --> 00:01:57,590 get them the subject is strapped inside a 82 00:01:57,590 --> 00:01:57,600 the subject is strapped inside a 83 00:01:57,600 --> 00:01:59,270 the subject is strapped inside a spherical trainer 84 00:01:59,270 --> 00:01:59,280 spherical trainer 85 00:01:59,280 --> 00:02:01,429 spherical trainer large overhead projectors display a 86 00:02:01,429 --> 00:02:01,439 large overhead projectors display a 87 00:02:01,439 --> 00:02:03,830 large overhead projectors display a montage of computer-generated patterns 88 00:02:03,830 --> 00:02:03,840 montage of computer-generated patterns 89 00:02:03,840 --> 00:02:06,310 montage of computer-generated patterns that fill the person's field of view 90 00:02:06,310 --> 00:02:06,320 that fill the person's field of view 91 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:08,150 that fill the person's field of view it is the movement of these patterns 92 00:02:08,150 --> 00:02:08,160 it is the movement of these patterns 93 00:02:08,160 --> 00:02:10,229 it is the movement of these patterns that eventually fools the subject into 94 00:02:10,229 --> 00:02:10,239 that eventually fools the subject into 95 00:02:10,239 --> 00:02:11,830 that eventually fools the subject into thinking that he is 96 00:02:11,830 --> 00:02:11,840 thinking that he is 97 00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:13,430 thinking that he is not the visual 98 00:02:13,430 --> 00:02:13,440 not the visual 99 00:02:13,440 --> 00:02:15,589 not the visual so the scene is not moving at all 100 00:02:15,589 --> 00:02:15,599 so the scene is not moving at all 101 00:02:15,599 --> 00:02:17,350 so the scene is not moving at all two-way communication allows them to 102 00:02:17,350 --> 00:02:17,360 two-way communication allows them to 103 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:19,589 two-way communication allows them to describe their experience and for dr 104 00:02:19,589 --> 00:02:19,599 describe their experience and for dr 105 00:02:19,599 --> 00:02:22,630 describe their experience and for dr harm to request different 106 00:02:22,630 --> 00:02:22,640 harm to request different 107 00:02:22,640 --> 00:02:24,470 harm to request different once exposed to a variety of 108 00:02:24,470 --> 00:02:24,480 once exposed to a variety of 109 00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:27,350 once exposed to a variety of pre-programmed visual cues the brain 110 00:02:27,350 --> 00:02:27,360 pre-programmed visual cues the brain 111 00:02:27,360 --> 00:02:29,910 pre-programmed visual cues the brain recalibrates itself to accept what is 112 00:02:29,910 --> 00:02:29,920 recalibrates itself to accept what is 113 00:02:29,920 --> 00:02:32,229 recalibrates itself to accept what is similar to a weightless environment 114 00:02:32,229 --> 00:02:32,239 similar to a weightless environment 115 00:02:32,239 --> 00:02:33,910 similar to a weightless environment training in the pre-flight adaptation 116 00:02:33,910 --> 00:02:33,920 training in the pre-flight adaptation 117 00:02:33,920 --> 00:02:36,710 training in the pre-flight adaptation trainer will reduce the intensity and 118 00:02:36,710 --> 00:02:36,720 trainer will reduce the intensity and 119 00:02:36,720 --> 00:02:38,869 trainer will reduce the intensity and the time that it takes them to adapt to 120 00:02:38,869 --> 00:02:38,879 the time that it takes them to adapt to 121 00:02:38,879 --> 00:02:40,869 the time that it takes them to adapt to microgravity and then reduce the 122 00:02:40,869 --> 00:02:40,879 microgravity and then reduce the 123 00:02:40,879 --> 00:02:42,630 microgravity and then reduce the intensity and the duration of the 124 00:02:42,630 --> 00:02:42,640 intensity and the duration of the 125 00:02:42,640 --> 00:02:45,589 intensity and the duration of the symptoms motion sickness symptoms 126 00:02:45,589 --> 00:02:45,599 symptoms motion sickness symptoms 127 00:02:45,599 --> 00:02:48,309 symptoms motion sickness symptoms the human body is essentially plastic 128 00:02:48,309 --> 00:02:48,319 the human body is essentially plastic 129 00:02:48,319 --> 00:02:50,309 the human body is essentially plastic meaning that it is capable of conforming 130 00:02:50,309 --> 00:02:50,319 meaning that it is capable of conforming 131 00:02:50,319 --> 00:02:53,190 meaning that it is capable of conforming to any environment even space 132 00:02:53,190 --> 00:02:53,200 to any environment even space 133 00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:55,350 to any environment even space when members of the skylab 4 crew 134 00:02:55,350 --> 00:02:55,360 when members of the skylab 4 crew 135 00:02:55,360 --> 00:02:57,110 when members of the skylab 4 crew returned to earth after nearly three 136 00:02:57,110 --> 00:02:57,120 returned to earth after nearly three 137 00:02:57,120 --> 00:02:59,589 returned to earth after nearly three months in orbit their first steps were 138 00:02:59,589 --> 00:02:59,599 months in orbit their first steps were 139 00:02:59,599 --> 00:03:01,430 months in orbit their first steps were tenuous 140 00:03:01,430 --> 00:03:01,440 tenuous 141 00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:04,550 tenuous they did re-adapt but it took time 142 00:03:04,550 --> 00:03:04,560 they did re-adapt but it took time 143 00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:06,710 they did re-adapt but it took time today many astronauts coming back from 144 00:03:06,710 --> 00:03:06,720 today many astronauts coming back from 145 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:09,350 today many astronauts coming back from space undergo evaluations so that 146 00:03:09,350 --> 00:03:09,360 space undergo evaluations so that 147 00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:11,670 space undergo evaluations so that researchers can better understand this 148 00:03:11,670 --> 00:03:11,680 researchers can better understand this 149 00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:12,949 researchers can better understand this process 150 00:03:12,949 --> 00:03:12,959 process 151 00:03:12,959 --> 00:03:15,270 process in the next decade this research will be 152 00:03:15,270 --> 00:03:15,280 in the next decade this research will be 153 00:03:15,280 --> 00:03:17,910 in the next decade this research will be critical in better preparing astronauts 154 00:03:17,910 --> 00:03:17,920 critical in better preparing astronauts 155 00:03:17,920 --> 00:03:22,840 critical in better preparing astronauts for a long-term commitment to space